Disk Partition:

Disk partition refers to creation of one or more regions on secondary storage. This is created to manage regions separately. Disk partition is the first step of preparing a new installed disk and and is done before creating the file system.

1. Data Partition:

   Data partition refers to normal Linux system data including the root partition containing all data to start up and run the system.

2. Swap Partition:

   Swap partitions refers to expansion of computer's physical memory, an extra memory on the hard disk.

Adding Additional Disk Drive in VM:

• Open VMwarwe.

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  Click on 'Edit virtual machine settings'.

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  Click on 'Add...' button.

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  Select 'Hard Disk' and click on' Next >' button.

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  Select the type of your choice and click on 'Next >' button. I am using SCSI.

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  Select 'Create a new virtual disk' and click on 'Next >' button.

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  Choose the disk size and click on 'Next >' button.

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  Choose the location to store the disk file and click the 'Finish' button.

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  Now start your virtual machine.

Commands:

• To see the disk is attached or not:

  To see that the new disk is attached or not lsblk is used. The selected line shows that the new disk is attached.

• List the partition table:

  To list the partition table sudo fdisk -l is used.

• List the partition table of specified disk:

  To list the partition table of a specified disk sudo fdisk -l [disk-name] is used.

  

fdisk:

• Enter fdisk command prompt:

  To enter fdisk command prompt sudo fdisk [disk-name] is used.

• List known partition types:

  To list kown partition types l is used in the fdisk command prompt.

• Help:

  For help m is used in the fdisk command prompt.

• Print Partition Table:

  To print partition table p is used in the fdisk command prompt.

• Create a Partition:

  To create a partition or add a new partition n is used in the fdisk commnd prompt.

• Save table and quit:

  To save the table and quit w is used in the fdisk command prompt.

  

Command After fdisk:

• See the updated table without rebooting:

  To see the altered partition table without rebooting the system partprobe is used.

• Attach a file system:

  To attach a file system with a partition mkfs.ext4 [partition-name] is used. To attach a file system to the partition you'll have to first move to the root user using sudo bash .

• Mount with mount-point:

  To mount the partition mount [partition-name] [directory-name] is used.

  

File Systems:

• ext4:

  The fourth extended filesystem, commonly used in Linux distributions due to its reliability, performance, and support for large file sizes and volumes.

• NTFS:

  The New Technology File System, developed by Microsoft and commonly used in Windows operating systems. It supports features like file compression, encryption, and access control lists (ACLs).

• FAT32:

  The File Allocation Table 32-bit file system, commonly used in removable storage devices due to its compatibility with various operating systems and devices.

• exFAT:

  The Extended File Allocation Table file system, developed by Microsoft and designed for flash drives and external storage devices with large capacities.

• XFS:

  A high-performance journaling file system commonly used in Linux environments for handling large volumes of data and supporting advanced features like metadata checksums and online resizing.

• Btrfs:

  The B-tree filesystem, developed for Linux and designed for scalability, reliability, and support for advanced features like snapshots, checksums, and RAID-like functionality.